In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level ( AGL [1] or HAGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to height above mean sea level (AMSL or HAMSL), height above ellipsoid (HAE, as reported by a GPS receiver), or height above average terrain (AAT or HAAT, in The difference between Aerodrome and Airport. When used as nouns, aerodrome means any area of land or water used for aircraft operation, regardless of facilities, whereas airport means an airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals. Description. Foreign Object Debris (FOD) at airports includes any object found in an inappropriate location that, as a result of being in that location, can damage equipment or injure personnel. FOD includes a wide range of material, including loose hardware, pavement fragments, catering supplies, building materials, rocks, sand, pieces of A circling approach is an extension of an instrument approach procedure which provides for visual circling of the aerodrome prior to landing. (ICAO Doc 8168: Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) Vol I - Flight Procedures) A circling approach is the visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft 7. In terminal designs, the main difference between a pier and a concourse is that a pier is connected by terminal buildings on one side, but a concourse has separate terminal buildings connected by transportation either under or over ground. In practice, the terms "terminal" and "concourse" are often used interchangeably, with "satellite The weather forcast (above alt or ETOPS alt) and servicability of all airport services are required make an Adequate Aerodrome a Suitable Aerodrome for use as an ETOPS alternate. Cannot make it much more simple than that. Rules vary between countries, so you need to be specific to the country of registration for exact reference. If there isn’t a terminal aerodrome forecast or TAF for your destination, the area forecast (FA) is what you are required to use. A TAF is a forecast for expected weather significant to aviation within the terminal area. The terminal area is defined as the region within 5 statute miles from the center of the airport’s runway complex. The automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hrs or a specified portion thereof: Data link-automatic terminal information service (D-ATIS). The provision of ATIS via data link. Voice-automatic terminal information service (Voice-ATIS). The provision of ATIS by means of continued and h18T6.